Host contributions to Ebola virus replication, transcription and translation:research advances / 军事医学

Ebola virus(EBOV) disease,the fatality rate of which is as high as 25％-90％,can be transmitted by contac t between human and non-human primates.Early studies of the virus focused on the functions of viral proteins.Recently,the focus of research of EBOV has been switched to the host interaction factors during the process of virus reproduction.In this review,advances in studies on host contributions to EBOV replication,transcription and translation are summarized in order to enhance our understanding of contributions of the host to the virus reproduction process and provide reference for research strategies and new antiviral drugs.

Determination of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in Yinhuang film-coated tablets by HPLC isocratic elution / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in Yinhuang film-coated tablets.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC isocratic elution was adopted, with the C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) as the chromatographic column, methanol-water-phosphoric acid (45: 55: 0.2) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1), and column temperature was set at 30 degrees C. The detection wavelength was 328 nm, and the sample size was 20 microL.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>At concentrations ranging between 2.200-44.00, 24.20-242.0 mg x L(-1), peak area of chlorogenic acid and baicalin showed good linear relationship, the average recoveries were 99.63% (RSD 1.8%, n = 9) and 99.72% (RSD 1.9%, n = 9), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple that it can accurately measure the content of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in Yinhuang film-coated tablets.</p>

Cross-sectional study of dentine hypersensitivity in smaller cities and rural area in Sichuan province / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity in smaller cities and rural area in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The examinee aged 20 - 69 years old were interviewed and divided into five age groups (20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59 and 60 - 69). The random sampling methods were performed in this study. A total of eight spots were survied, including 4 communities and 4 spots in rural area of Sichuan province. The information about the examinee's age, gender, occupation, education level, tooth brushing methods, the frequencies of eating fresh fruits and fruit juices and so on, were asked and recorded. All subjects were further diagnosed by a blast of air from a triple syringe connected to an air compressor at a pressure of 4 atm under room temperature of about 19 - 24°C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The premolars were the most commonly affected, followed by the first molar. The exposed root surface was the most commonly affected position [63.87% (663/1038)]. The first premolar had the greatest number of teeth with dentine hypersensitivity [29.96% (311/1038)]. Different tooth had different sensitive position. Female, too much time of using a tooth brush, and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice were risk factors for dentine hypersensitivity (OR value = 2.175, 1.157, 1.760).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dentine hypersensitivity is influenced by multiple factors. Prevention and treatment need be performed by improving general oral health and periodontal conditions.</p>

Epidemiological survey of dentine hypersensitivity of 630 adults in rural of Sichuan province / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity of adults in rural of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All representative samples, including 630 adults living in rural of Sichuan Province, were selected by multi-stage, stratified and random sampling. The dentine hypersensitivity of all 630 cases was surveyed with questionnaire and oral clinical examination. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>27.9% of all subjects were suffered from dentine hypersensitivity, sour was the most common stimulus of dentine hypersensitivity. The first premolar was the most common tooth with dentine hypersensitive, which occupied 27.4% of the total affected teeth. Female, acid regurgitation symptom, low frequency of toothbrush replacement (over 3 months), high tooth-brushing force and frequency of fresh fruits consumption (over 2 times per week) probably were high risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity occurs in rural of Sichuan province is high, thus for future the publicity and education on dentine hypersensitivity preventive should be strengthened.</p>

Observation on electroacupuncture combined with routine western medicine therapy for promoting consciousness of the patient with coma caused by craniocerebral trauma / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the promoting consciousness effect of electroacupuncture combined with routine western medicine therapy on the patient with coma caused by craniocerebral trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture-medication group treated with electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Quze (PC 3) and routine western medicine, and a control group treated with routine western medicine, 16 cases in each group. Glasgow (GCS) scores were assessed after treatment for 7 sessions and 30 sessions respectively and the promoting consciousness rate was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment of 7 sessions, GCS score was 6.88 +/- 1.63 in the acupuncture-medication group and 5.25-1.65 in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); after treatment of 7 sessions, the promoting consciousness rate was 25.0% in the acupuncture-medication group and 0 in the western medicine group, and after treatment for 30 sessions, the promoting conscious ness rate was 81. 3% in the acupuncture-medication group and 43.8% in the western medicine group with a signifi cant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Quze (PC 3) combined with western medicine has a good promoting consciousness effect in the patient with coma caused by craniocerebral trauma, which is better than that of simple western medicine.</p>

Smoking prevention and control among elementary school students in Xuhui district, Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based smoking prevention and control intervention program among elementary school students.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through two phase cluster sampling, 566 pupils in grade 4 and grade 5 of two schools were assigned to intervention group and control group. One year comprehensive smoking intervention was conducted in the intervention group. The assessment was carried out through three questionnaires: pre- and post-intervention, 6-month after intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After one year intervention, pupils in the intervention group significantly improved their knowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use. The rate of attempting smoking decreased form 7.8% to 2.6% and the rate of passive smoking from 53.6% to 41.8%. The difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically significant. However, several index started to decline at 6-month follow up survey.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of tobacco control in elementary school and the positive effect must be developed.</p>

Comparasion of the actions of human and porcine erythrocyte-derived depressing factor / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the action mechanisms of human and porcine derived erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (h-EDDF and p-EDDF) as well as the effects on blood pressure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experiments were carried out in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 5) and two kidney-one click renal hypertensive rats (2K-1C, n = 7). The acute and chronic effects of h-EDDF and p-EDDF on blood pressure were observed, blood pressure test using tail plethysmography under unanaesthetic state. Both EDDF were administrated via jugular vein and/or oral respectively. The isolated thoracic aorta ring perfusion assay was used to examine the effect of EDDF on the asodilation. Primary cultured VSMCs were prepared from the thoracic aorta media of 2K-1C and normal Wistar rats. The effect of EDDF on proliferation of VSMCs were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle of VSMCs was evaluated by flow cytometric.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both h-EDDF and p-EDDF could significantly decrease blood pressure of Wistar rats through intravenous administration and/or orally (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively). The contractile response of aorta in 2K-1C rats to PE was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control (P < 0.01) and both EDDF (10(-3) g/ml) remarkably induced a vasodilation with endothelium-dependent manner in SHR and 2K-1C rats (P < 0.05). h-EDDF and p-EDDF could significantly inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs from 2K-1C and control rats. After 24 hours of exposure to EDDFs the cell number of G0/G1 phase obviously increased and cell number in S phase was decreased (P < 0.01, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It seems that the effects of h-EDDF and p-EDDF on blood pressure and vasodilation as well as inhibition of VSMCs proliferation and regulation of cell cycle have no significant difference.</p>